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代词
发布时间:2010/3/5  阅读次数:847  字体大小: 【】 【】【
(一)指示代词:this  ,  that  ,  these  ,  those.  this  ,  that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。
that  apple  (    √    )    that  meat  (    ×    )
The  weather  in  Sichuan  is  not  so  hot  as  ______  in  Guangzhou.                                        [that]
(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
    1)人称代词:主格、宾格(作主语为主格,  作宾语为宾格;  介+宾格)
eg.      1)I  thank  you  
            2)You  thank  me.
2)物主代词:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
一变(my—mine);  二留(his—his    its—its)
三加s(your—yours  ;  our—ours  ;  her—hers  ;  their—theirs)
用法:有名不名,无名是名
eg.  This  is  _____(我的)book.  This  book  is  ______(我的).            [  my  ;  mine]
3)反身代词:某某自己;亲自
单数  复数
yourself  yourselves
myself  ourselves
himself  themselves
herself  
itself    
反身代词的常见搭配:
1.enjoy  oneself  玩得高兴;过得愉快  
2.hurt  oneself  伤着自己
3.teach  oneself  =  learn…  by  oneself  自学
4.(all)  by  oneself  (完全)独立地
5.help  oneself  to      请自便;随便吃…
6.look  after  oneself    自理;照顾自己
7.leave  one  by  oneself  把…单独留下
8.lose  oneself  in  陶醉于…;沉浸于…
(三)不定代词
  1)some与any
一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some—此类句型常以could  ,  would开头)
  2)    many  +  可数          =  a  lot  of  :  许多
much  +  不可数
  (但a  lot  of不能用于否定句)
  3)  few  ,  a  few  ;  little  ,  a  little
  表否定  表肯定
可数  few(几乎没有)  a  few(几个;一些)
不可数  little(几乎没有)  a  little(一点儿少许)
①.The  story  is  easy  to  read.  There  are  ____new  words  in  it.                                [few]
②.Hurry  up!    There  is_____  time  left.  [little]
4)    everyone  /  anyone  不加of
    no  one  不加  of
none  of
(    )____  of  us  wants  to  read  the  book.    [B]
A.  Everyone                  B.  Every  one
C.  Nobody                    D.  No  one
5)other  ,another  ,  others
  单数  复数
泛指  another
三者以上的另一个  定语  主语、宾语
    other  some…others
特指  one…the  other
一个…另一个  the  others  =the  other+复名(另外的人或物)
①.We  study  _____  subjects  besides  Chinese.  
②.May  I  have  ___________  apple  ?
③.These  cups  are  clean.  ________  are  dirty.  
④.I  have  two  pens.  One  is  red  ,  ________  is  blue.      [  other  ;  another  ;  others  ;  the  others]
另外注意:one  another      (三者以上的)相互
                    each  other      (两者的)相互
We  should  learn  from  each  other(说明we指两个人)
They  help  one  another  (说明they指三个人以上)
  6)  二者与三者
  复数  单数  单数
二者  both(都)  neither(都不)  either(任何一个)
三者  all(都)  none(都不)  any(任何一个)
注意:
①.both  否定  neither      all  否定  none
②.both  ,  all  不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither  ,  none作主语为单数,但none  of  +  复名,neither  of  +  复名
(    )1.____  of  my  parents  is  a  teacher.      [B]
A.  None      B.  Neither    C.  Both    D.  All
(    )2.There  are  many  trees  on  ____  side  of  the  river.                                                          [C]
A.  both    B.  any      C.  either    D.  all
every  one  /  any  one  of
7)      each:  (二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定)
every:  (三者以上的)每个——只作定语)
①.____  student  in  the  class  likes  English.
②.___  of  the  students  studied  hard.
                                              [Every  ;  Each]
练          习
(    )1.____office  is  much  smaller  than  ____.
A.  Ours  ;  yours  B.  Our  ;  yoursC.  Theirs  ;  our
(    )2.  “Help___  to  some  meat.”my  uncle  said  to  me  .
A.  themselves    B.  yourself    C.  yourselves
(    )3.  There  are  twenty  teachers  in  our  school.  Eight  of  them  are  men  teachers  and  ____  are  women  teachers.
A.  others            B.  the  others          C.  another
(    )4.There  isn’t  ____  paper  in  the  box.  Will  you  go  and  get  ____  for  me  ?
A.  any  ;  some    B.  any  ;  any    C.  some  ;  any
(    )5.There  are  many  trees  on  ___  sides  of  the  street.
A.  both              B.  all                C.  each
(    )6.___  of  them  has  a  dictionary  and  ____  one  of  them  can  look  up  words  in  it.
A.  Each  ;  every  B.  Every;  each  C.  Every;  every
(    )7.  “When  shall  we  meet,  this  afternoon  or  tonight?”
“I  don’t  mind.  ____  time  is  OK.
A.  Either            B.  Every            C.  Neither
(    )8.Would  you  like  ___  cup  of  tea?
A.  other              B.  the  other        C.  another
(    )9.The  two  friends  were  so  pleased  to  see  each  other  that  they  forgot  _____.
A.  other  everything          B.  anything  else
C.  everything  else.
(    )10.____  of  his  parents  is  a  teacher.
A.  Both              B.  Neither            C.  None
(    )11.The  river  is  very  dirty.  ____  people  go  to  swim  in  it.
A.  Few              B.  A  few              C.  Little
(    )12.A  friend  of  ____  came  to  see  ____  yesterday.
A.  his  ;  his          B.  he  ;  him            C.  his  ;  him
(    )13.You  can’t  leave  your  baby  by  ___  at  home.
A.  herself            B.  himself              C.  itself
(    )14.  My  father  is  very  busy  with  his  work.  He  has  ___  time  to  have  a  rest.
A.  little                B.  a  little                C.  few
(    )15.I  have  three  skirts.  One  is  red.  ___  two  are  black.
A.  another          B.  the  other        C.  the  others
(    )16.Jack  has  ___  friends  here.  So  he  often  feels  lonely.
A.  a  little            B.  a  few              C.  few
(    )17.Who  teaches  ___  French?
A.  we            B.  our          C.  us
(    )18.The  boys  were  all  tired,  but  ___  of  them  stopped  to  have  a  rest.
A.  any            B.  some      C.  none  
(    )19.Sorry,  I  can’t  answer  your  question.  I  know  ____  about  the  news.
A.  a  little        B.  little        C.  few
(    )20.—Hello,  Bill!  Help  ____  to  a  cake  .
—Thanks  .
A.  your            B.  yourself    C.  yourselves
五、介词
1.in;  on;  at用在时间词前,表“在”
  1)at  +  具体时刻
  2)on  +  具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)
  3)in  +  年、月、季节及一天中的某部分
但注意:at  night=  in  the  night    at  noon    
at  this  /  that  time      at  Christmas
eg.  1.___  the  morning  2.___  Monday  morning
3.  ___  a  rainy  evening  4.  ___3:50    5.__  2002
6.___  the  morning  of  April  10    7.___  spring
8.___  night      9.___  this  time  10.  ___  March
另外注意:在时间词(morning  ,  afternoon  ,  evening  ;  Sunday…)前有last,  next  ,  this  ,  that时,不再用介词.  tomorrow,  tonight前也不用介词。
eg.  I  will  go(A)  to  the  cinema(B)  in(C)  this  evening.                                  ______________
2.  in  ,  on  ,  at  表地点:
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
eg.  1)He  arrived  ___Shanghai  yesterday.
2)They  arrived  ___a  small  village  before  dark.
3)There  is  a  big  hole  ____  the  wall.
4)The  teacher  put  up  a  picture  ____  the  wall.
3.in  ,  on  ,  to表方位
    in(范围内);on(范围外且接壤);to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系
  
eg.1)Taiwan  is  in  the  southeast  of  China.
    2)Hubei  is  on  the  north  of  Hunan.
    3)Japan  is  to  the  east  of  China.
        cross:  动词“跨过,越过”=go  across
4.    across:  (表面)跨过
through:  (内部)穿过,贯穿    介词
eg.  1)Can  you  swim  _____  the  river?
      2)The  road  runs  __________  the  forest.
      3)  _____  the  bridge,  you’ll  find  a  cinema.
5.    in  +  时间段:与将来时连用
after  +  时间段:与过去时连用
但after  +  时间点:可与将来时连用。
  1)  I’ll  leave  _______  three  o’clock..  That  is,  I’ll  leave  ________  about  ten  minutes.
  2)They  left  _______  two  weeks.
6.  in  the  tree(外加在树上的事物)
    on  the  tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
in  the  wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)
7.  on  the  wall(墙表面的事物)
  1)  There  is  a  map  ___  the  wall
  2)  There  are  four  windows  ___  the  wall.
8.by  bike  /  bus  /  car  /  ship  (单数且无冠词)
但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时,则应使用相应的介词。
eg.  by  bike  =  on  a(the;  his)  bike
      by  car  =  in  a(the  ;  her)  car
      on:  在…(表面)上——接触
9.    over:  在…的正上方
      above:  在…的斜上方    未接触
  1)  The  moon  rose  ______  the  hill.
  2)  There  is  a  bridge  _____  the  river.
  3)  There  is  a  book  ______  the  desk.
10.  between:  在(两者)之间
      among  :在(三者以上)之间
  1)A  big  crowd  of  people  were  waiting  for  Li  Lida  on  the  beach.  ________  them  were  his  parents.
  2)Tom  sits  ________Lucy  and  Lily.
11.on与about  :  关于
    on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等
    about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及
eg.  He  gave  a  talk  ____  the  history  of  the  Party
12.  in  front  of  :在…前面/方(范围外)=  before
      in  /  at  the  front  of:在……前部(范围内)
1)There  is  a  big  tree  _______  of  the  classroom.
2)A  driver  drives  _________  of  the  bus.
类似区别:at  the  back  of与behind
13.with和in:  表示“用“
    with:  指“用工具、手、口等”
    in:  指“用语言、话语、声音等”
  1)  Please  write  the  letter  ____  a  pen.
  2)  Please  speak  ____  a  loud  voice.
14.  on  a  farm  ;  in  a  factory  ;  the  girl  in  the  hat  ;  leave  for:  动身前往某地
15.一些固定搭配:
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listen  to  ,  laugh  at,  get  to,  look  for;
wait  for,  hear  from,  turn  on,  turn  off,  worry  about,  think  of,  look  after,  spend…on…,  等。
(2)介词与名词的搭配
on  time,  in  time,  by  bus,  on  foot,  
with  pleasure,  on  one’s  way  to,  in  trouble,  
at  breakfast,  at  the  end  of,  in  the  end等。
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be  late  for,  be  afraid  of,  be  good  at,  
be  interested  in,  be  angry  with,  
be  full  of,  be  sorry  for等。
六、连词:  从属连词和并列连词
(一)从属连词:用于连接各种从句的连词
(二)并列连词:
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
1.表并列关系的and,  both…and,  not  only…but  also,  neither…nor等。
2.  表选择关系的or,  either…or等。
3.  表转折关系的but,  while(然而)等。
4.表因果关系的for,  so等。
5.      and:  “和”在肯定句中表并列
or:  “和”在否定句中表并列
另外:1)or    “或者”用于选择疑问句
            2)or  “否则”
eg.  ①.Which  do  you  like  better,  tea  or  milk?
      ②.Hurry  up,  or  you’ll  be  late  for  school.
  6.but  “但是”表转折
eg.  I  listened,  but  I  heard  nothing.
注意:1)though(虽然),  but(但是)不能连用
            2)not  …  but    不是…而是
eg.  This  book  isn’t  mine  but  yours.
both…  and  :  既…又(连接主语为复数)
neither…nor:  既不…也不                连接两主
  7.    either…or:  或者…或者                  语后者决
        not  only  …  but  also:不但…而且    定单、复
eg.1)Both  he  and  I  are  students.
2)Neither  he  nor  I  am  a  student.
练          习
(    )1.___  the  afternoon  of  May,  we  visited  the  old  man.              A.  On      B.  At          C.  In
(    )2.Many  people  work  ___  the  day  and  sleep  ___  night.        A.  on  ;  at    B.  in  ;  in    C.  in  ;  at
(    )3.He  speaks  Japanese  best  ____  the  boy  students.      A.  between    B.  with    C.  among
(    )4.A  wolf  ___  a  sheep  skin  is  our  dangerous  enemy.          A.  with          B.  in        C.  on
(    )5.Joan  hopes  to  come  back  ___  three  days.
A.  after            B.  for            C.  in
(    )6.They  sent  the  letter  to  me  ___  mistake.
A.  by                B.  for            C.  with
(    )7.He  left  home  ___  a  cold  winter  evening.
A.  at                  B.  on            C.  in
(    )8.Shanghai  is  ____  the  east  of  China.
A.  in                  B.  on              C.  to
(    )9.____  my  father’s  help,  I  have  finished  my  composition.
A.  Under            B.  On              C.  with
(    )10.He’s  very  strict  ____  himself  and  he’s  very  strict  ___  his  work.
A.  with  ;  in          B.  in  ;  with      C.  with  ;  with
(    )11.I  really  can’t  agree  ____  you.
A.  to                    B.  on                C.  with
(    )12.The  shop  won’t  open  ___  nine  in  the  morning.
A.  until                B.  at                  C.  during
(    )13.How  about  ___  the  flowers  now?
A.  watering          B.  are  watering  C.  watered
(    )14.She  spent  all  his  money  ___  books.
A.  in                      B.  with              C.  on
(    )15.They  are  talking  ___  low  voices.
A.  with                  B.  in                    C.  on
(    )16.It’s  very  kind  ___  you  to  help  us.
A.  for                  B.  to            C.  of
(    )17.What  will  you  have  ___  breakfast  this  morning?
A.  with                B.  for            C.  by
(    )18.A  plane  is  flying  ____  the  city.
A.  on                  B.  over            C.  above
(    )19.You  are  free  to  speak  ___  the  meeting.
A.  at                    B.  in              C.  on
(    )20.Mr.  Green  will  stay  in  China___  Friday.
A.  to                    B.  on                C.  till
(    )21.It’s  wrong  to  play  tricks  ___  other  people.
A.  on                    B.  of                  C.  with
(    )22.Which  color  do  you  like?  I  prefer  blue  ___  red.        A.  for                B.  as            C.  to
(    )23.The  student  will  give  us  a  talk  ___  how  to  use  our  spare  time.
A.  for                  B.  on                  C.  in
(    )24.I  paid  two  hundred  yuan  ___  that  kind  of  bicycle.
A.  in                    B.  for                  C.  on
(    )25.The  doctor  is  very  kind  ___  his  patients
A.  to                    B.  on                    C.  at
(    )26.We  can’t  live  ___  air.
A.  in                    B.  with                  C.  without
(    )27.The  child  was  afraid  ___  the  strange  sound.          A.  at            B.  for            C.  of
(    )28.He  was  very  angry  ___  her  for  being  late.              A.  for          B.  with          C.  at
(    )29.What  do  you  think  ___  the  play?
A.  about                B.  like                  C.  of
(    )30.I  think  it’s  the  right  way  to  work  out  the  problem,  but  I  am  not  sure  _____  it.
A.  do                      B.  for                  C.  of
(    )31.Reading  ___  the  sun  isn’t  good  ___  you
A.  under  ;  for          B.  in  ;  for            C.  in  ;  to
(    )32.I  won’t  ask  about  it,  I’m  going  to  see  it  ____  my  own  eyes.
A.  by                        B.  for                  C.  with
(    )33.We  go  to  school  every  day  ____  Sunday.            A.  except                  B.  without          C.  on
(    )34.There  is  a  small  river  ___  the  two  towns    A.  in      B.  between        C.  among
(    )35.Li  Lei  sometimes  falls  asleep  ___  the  lesson.    A.  for          B.  through        C.  during
(    )36.Mr.  Black  went  to  Paris  ___  a  few  days.
A.  for                      B.  in              C.  after
(    )37.They  will  leave  ________  London  next  month.
A.  to                        B.  from          C.  for
(    )38.Are  you  going  to  the  zoo  ___  bus  or  ___  my  car?
A.  on  ;  by                B.  by  ;  in        C.  on  ;  in
(    )39.He  woke  up  several  times  ___  the  night
A.  in                        B.  at                C.  on
(    )40.No  one  can  stop  her  ___  going  away.
A.  of                        B.  from          C.  out  of
(    )41.What  do  you  mean  ___  “bao  zhi”?
A.  on                        B.  with          C.  by
(    )42.You’ll  get  a  nice  present  ____  your  parents____  your  birthday.
A.  from  ;  on            B.  for  ;  at        C.  frm  ;  in
(    )43.Light  comes  in  ____  the  window.
A.  from                    B.  across          C.  through
(    )44.There  are  many  apples  ___  the  tree.  A  bird  ___  the  tree  is  picking  an  apple.
A.  in  ;  on                B.  on  ;  in          C.  in  ;  at
(    )45.  “Who  are  you  going  to  play  ____?”    “Grade  Two.”
A.  about                    B.  by              C.  against
(    )46.  Don’t  go  ___  the  street.  The  bus  is  coming.
A.  cross                    B.  across          C.  past
(    )47.He  lives  ___  the  twentieth  floor  ___  No.  154  Zhongshan  Street.
A.  on  ;  at                  B.  in  ;  in            C.  on  ;  in
(    )48.He  found  a  piece  of  useful  information  ___  the  Internet.
A.  at                        B.  on                    C.  in
(    )49.___  my  surprise,  he  lost  the  game.
A.  With                  B.  To                      C.  On
(    )50.The  blind  man  knows  the  money  ___  touching  and  feeling  it.
A.  with                    B.  by                  C.  through
(    )51.  We  traveled  overnight  to  Paris  and  arrived  _______  5  o’clock  ______  the  morning.
A.  on;  in    B.  at;  in    C.  at;  on    D.  in;  on
(    )52.  Where’s  Lily?  We  are  all  here  _______  her.
A.  beside    B.  about    C.  except    D.  with
(    )53.  She  sent  her  friend  a  postcard  _______  a  birthday  present.
A.  on            B.  as        C.  for          D.  of
(    )54.  Jack  has  studied  Chinese  in  this  school  _______  the  year  of  2000.
A.  since        B.  in        C.  on            D.  by
(    )55.  ---What  is  a  writing  brush,  do  you  know?
        ---It’s  _______  writing  and  drawing.
A.  with          B.  to        C.  for            D.  by
(    )56.  English  is  widely  used  ______  travellers  and  business  people  all  over  the  world.
  A.  to            B.  for        C.  as            D.  by
(    )57.  ______  the  help  of  my  teacher,  I  caught  up  with  the  other  students.
A.  Under        B.  In          C.  With      D.  On
(    )58.  Hong  Kong  is  ______  the  south  of  China,  and  Macao  is  ______  the  west  of  Hong  Kong.
A.  in;  to    B.  to;  to    C.  to;  in    D.  in;  in
(    )59.  ---You’d  better  not  go  out  now.  It’s  raining.
        ---It  doesn’t  matter.  My  new  coat  can  keep  ______  rain.
A.  in          B.  of        C.  with      D.  off
(    )60.  Japan  lies  ______  the  east  of  China.
A.  to          B.  in        C.  about          D.  at
(    )61.  ---Will  the  foreigners  have  any  problems  talking  with  Chinese  in  2008?
        ---I  don’t  think  so.  Now  ______  the  young  ______  the  old  can  speak  some  English.
A.  either…or            B.  not  only…  but  also
C.  neither…nor        D.  both…or
(    )62.  We  didn’t  catch  the  train  _______  we  left  late.
A.  so      B.  because    C.  but    D.  though
(    )63.  Tom  failed  in  the  exam  again  _______  he  wanted  to  pass  it  very  much.
A.  if        B.  so            C.  though    D.  as
(    )64.  I  won’t  believe  that  the  five-year-old  boy  can  read  five  thousand  words  ______  I  have  tested  him  myself.
A.  after    B.  when        C.  if          D.  until
(    )65.  The  book  was  so  interesting  that  he  had  read  it  for  three  hours  ______  he  realized  it.
A.  when    B.  until        C.  after    D.  before
(    )66.  ---This  dress  was  last  year’s  style.
          ---I  think  it  still  looks  perfect  ______  it  has  gone  out  this  year.
A.  so  that                        B.  even  though    
C.  as  if                            D.  ever  since
(    )67.  Hurry  up,  _______  you  will  miss  the  train.
A.  and        B.  so        C.  however        D.  or
(    )68.  The  mountain  was  ______  steep  _____  few  people  in  our  city  reached  the  top.
A.  so…as                  B.  so…that    
C.  as…as                  D.  too…to
(    )69.  ---Do  you  remember  our  pleasant  journey  to  Xi’an?
          ---Of  course.  I  remember  everything  ______  it  happened  yesterday.
A.  as  soon  as                  B.  even  though
C.  rather  than                D.  as  if
(    )70.  ______  you  can’t  answer  this  question,  we  have  to  ask  someone  else  for  help.
A.  Although                    B.  While    
C.  Whether                      D.  Since
七、形容词、副词的比较等级
1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型:1)  A  +  谓  +  as  +  原级  +  as  +  B
  2)  A  +  谓(否定)  +  as/so  +  原级  +  as  +  B
  A与B在某方面不同
注意:not  as  /  so…  as  =  less  than  不及;不如
eg.  1)This  girl  is  as  beautiful  as  that  one.
      2)You  don’t  eat  so  much  as  I
      3)This  book  isn’t  as  interesting  as  that  one
    =  This  book  is  ___  ________  _____  that  one
2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)
1)I  am  cleverer  than  you  我比你聪明。
2)He  runs  faster  than  Jim  他比Jim跑得快。
3)I  picked  more  apples  than  Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Which  is  more  interesting,  this  one  or  that  one?  哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?
3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in  ,  of短语连用)
(  注意:of  +  个体名词单数    in  +  集合名词  )
eg.  1)Shanghai  is  the  biggest  city  in  China.
      2)He  runs  fastest  in  our  class.
      3)He  is  the  tallest  of  the  three  boys.
      4)Which  is  the  easiest,  Lesson1,  Lesson2  or  Lesson3  ?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
  1)  “比较级and  比较级”  表示  “越来越……”
eg.  lazier  and  lazier  越来越懒
(但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为  more  and  more  +  形、副)
eg.  more  and  more  beautiful  越来越漂亮
  2)  “the比较级,the比较级”    “越……,越……”
eg.  the  more,  the  better  多多益善
      _________  you  are,  _______  you  will  get.
      你越懒,收获越少。
  3)  “the比较级of  +二者”  “二者中较……的一个”
eg.  1)  Lucy  is  the  younger  of  the  twins.
      2)  Of(A)  the  two  books(B)  this  one(C)  is  thicker(D).                          _________
  4)表示二者相差多少用  “具体数量  +  比较级”
eg.  He’s  a  head  taller  than  me.
      My  brother  is  two  years  older  than  me
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice;  three  times等  +  as…as”
eg.  1)This  book  costs  twice  as  much  as  that  one.  这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
      2)He  has  four  times  as  many  books  as  I  have  他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6)区别older  /  elder与farther  /  further
    older(年龄较老的)
    elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg.  My  ______  brother  is  ______  than  me.
    farther  (指距离“较远的”)
    further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He  went  abroad  for  ________  studies.
    2)Fusun  is  _________  from  our  school  than  Zhaohua.  
形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a  little  ;  much  /  a  lot  ;  even  /  still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多  ;  更……”
eg.  1)  a  little  bigger  大一点儿
      2)much  more  多得多
      3)even  heavier更重
但注意:不能在比较级前加so;  too;  very;  quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as;  than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that;  those;  one;  ones
eg.  1)The  apples  (A)  in  this  basket  (B)  are  redder  (C)  than  in  that  basket(D).  _________
2)This  knife  (A)  isn’t  (B)  so  (C)  new  as  that  (D).                                      _______________
3)Our  classroom  (A)  is  (B)  bigger  (C)  than  Lily(D).                                _______________
3.个体与整体相比,不能包括个体,常用“any  other  +  单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1)Betty(是个体)  is  cleverer  than  any  student  in  her  class(是整体).                    (    ×    )
正:Betty  is  cleverer  than  any  other  student  in  her  class.
=Betty  is  cleverer  than  anybody  else  in  her  class.
=Betty  is  the  cleverest  in  her  class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
    2)China  is  bigger  than  any  country  in  Africa.
    中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
    3)  China  is  bigger  than  any  other  country  in  Asia.  中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg.  Mary  is  the  tallest  of  all  her  sisters.(  ×  )
(all  her  sisters已排除了Mary)
改:Mary  is  the  tallest  of  all  the  sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second  ,  third,  …”(但“第一”不能用first)
eg.  The  Changjiang  River  is  the  first  longest  river  in  China.        改错:________________
附:形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.“辅  +  y”结尾,变y为i加er  ,  est
(但“形  +  ly  ”构成的副词除外)
2.双写加er  ,  est
3.直接加  er  ,  est  /  r,  st
4.在多音词前加more  ,  most  (以“形  +  ly  ”构成的副词也在前加more  ,  most)
B、不规则变化
原级  比较级  最高级
good/well  better  best
many/much  more  most
bad/ill/badly  worse  worst
little  less  least
old  older/elder  oldest/eldest
far  farther
further  farthest
furthest
另外:
1)  以-er  ,  -ow  ,  -ble  ,  -ple结尾的双音节词加er,  est  /  r,  st.
narrow  ________    ________
simple  _________    _________
able  _______    _______
2)  tired__________    __________
pleased  ___________    ____________
3)  often  ________________    _____________
    friendly_______________    ____________
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the,  副词的最高级前一般不加the  (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg.  Lily  is  my  the  best  friend.(改错)  ________
5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语:ill  ;  alone  ;  asleep  ;  afraid  ;  interested  ;  excited  ;  surprised  ).
副词作状语,修饰动词。
练      习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin  ____    ____          easy  _____    ______
early  ______    ______  new  ______    ______
hot  ______      ______  clever  ______  _______
little  _____      ______  late  _____    ______
narrow______  ______fat  _____    ______
many  ______    _____  big  _____    ______
dangerous__________    ___________
wonderful  __________    ___________
careful  __________    ____________
slowly  __________    ____________
popular  __________    ____________
二、选择填空
(    )1.Which  language  is  ____  ,  English,  French  or  Chinese?
A.  difficult          B.  the  difficult
C.  more  difficult  D.  the  most  difficult
(    )2.Yangpu  Bridge  is  one  of  ___  in  the  world
A.  bigger  bridge    B.  the  biggest  bridge
C.  the  biggest  bridges  D.  bigger  bridges
(    )3.Tom  is  taller  than  Mike.  But  he  is  not  ____  Mike.
A.  strong  as                B.  so  strong  as
C.  so  strong                D.  as  strong
(    )4.Most  of  the  people  in  Guangdong  are  getting  ______.
A.  more  and  rich    B.  more  rich  and  more  rich
C.  richer  and  richer  D.  rich  and  rich
(    )5.This  text  is  ____  easier  and  ____  interes-  ting  than  that  one.
A.  more  ;  much      B.  much  ;  more
C.  more  ;  more        D.  much  ;  much
(    )6.Which  do  you  like  ____,  beef,  pork  or  chicken?  
A.  good    B.  well    C.  better    D.  best
(    )7.Put  on  more  clothes.  It  is  snowing  ___  outside.  A.  strongly    B.  heavy      C.  heavily
(    )8.John  drives  as  ___  as  Tom.
A.  carefully    B.  good    C.  nice    D.  fine
(    )9.Is  China  larger  than  ____  in  Africa.
A.  any  country                B.  any  other  country
C.  any  countries              D.  all  countries
(    )10.My  ___  brother  is  ___  than  I.
A.  elder,  three  years  older  B.  older  ;  older
C.  older;  three  years  elder  D.  elder  ;  elder
(    )11.Li  Mei  is  more  beautiful  than  ___  in  her  class.
A.  any  girl                  B.  any  other  girl
C.  all  the  girls            D.  any  girls
(    )12.This  problem  is  ___  than  that  one.
A.  ten  times  easy      B.  ten  times  easier
C.  ten  times  more  easy  D.  ten  time  easier
(    )13.This  film  is  ___  interesting  than  that  one.
A.  more      B.  much      C.  very    D.  the  most
(    )14.There  is  ___  in  today’s  newspaper.
A.  interesting  nothing  B.  nothing  interesting
C.  interested  nothing  D.  nothing  interested
(    )15.The  teacher  asked  all  the  students  in  the  class  to  keep  their  eyes  ____.
A.  close    B.  to  close    C.  closing  D.  closed
(    )16.The  fat  man  always  says  his  meat  looks  ____  and  sells  _____.
A.  good  ;  good              B.  well  ;  well
C.  good  ;  well                D.  well  ;  good
(    )17.It  seems  that  men  are  ____  making  computers  than  women.
A.  better  at            B.  good  at
C.  well  in              D.  weak  in
(    )18.The  word’s  population  is  growing  fast  every  minute,  especially  in  some  ___  countries
A.  west                  B.  more  developed
C.  east                    D.  less  developed
(    )19.This  bridge  is  not  ___  long  and  wide  ____  the  one  in  my  hometown.
A.  so  ;  as  B.  very  ;  than  C.  too;  as  D.  very  ;  as
(    )20.I  think  the  song  in  the  film  “Titanic”  is  ___  one  of  all  the  movie  songs.
A.  the  most  beautiful    B.  most  beautiful
C.  much  more  beautiful  D.  a  beautiful
(    )21.Lin  Tao  is  as  ___  as  Zhang  Hua.
A.  strong                        B.  stronger  
C.  strongest                    D.  the  strongest
(    )22.Sara  is  ___  tired  ___  move  after  the  hard  work.
A.  very  ;  to                      B.  quite  ;  to  
C.  too  ;  to                        D.  so  ;  that
(    )23.  Jack  didn’t  run  ___  to  catch  the  bus.
A.  enough  fast                B.  quickly  enough
C.  enough  slow              D.  slowly  enough
(    )24.The  driver  is  very  ___.  He  often  drives  his  car  _____.
A.  careful  ;  careful          B.  carefully;  carefully
C.  carefully  ;  careful        D.  careful  ;  carefully
(    )25.Look!  All  the  children  are  working  ___  on  the  farm.
A.  careful  B.  hard    C.  busy    D.  happy
(    )26.The  population  of  Shanghai  is  ___  than  that  of  Xi’an.
A.  smaller  B.  fewer    C.  much      D.  larger

附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式
A、动三单的变法
      1)  “辅+y”结尾,  变y为i加es
      2)  “以s;  sh;  ch;  x;  o结尾,  加es
      3)直接加s
但have----has
B、现在分词的变法
      1)去e加ing  (e不发音)
      2)双写加ing  (“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外)
      3)直接加ing
写出下列动词的现在分词
1.see_______2.come  ________3.stop_______
4.open  _______5.listen_______6.drop  ______
7.prefer________8.fix_______  9.relax  ______
10.die  _______11.tie  _______12.lie  _______
C、动词的过去式和过去分词
(一)不规则变化(见课本不规则变化表P255)
(二)规则变化
      1)  “辅+y”结尾,变y为i加ed
      2)双写加ed
      3)直接加ed
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
1.drop  ______  _______2.stop  ______  ______
3.prefer  ________    _________
4.study  ______  ______5.try      ______    ____
6.fix  _____    ______  7.relax  ______    ______
附Ⅱ——情态动词(can/  could;  may/  might;  must;  should)+动原
1.must(必须)——needn’t(不必)
    may(可以)——mustn’t(不许;不准;不可以)
2.注意几个题:
  1)—May  I  go  with  you?
      —No,  you  _________.
  2)—Must  I  turn  off  the  light  now?
      —Yes,  you  ______/  No,  you  _________
附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词
A、动词不定式作宾补
    1)tell  /  ask  /  want  sb  to  do  ______________
否定式:tell/ask/want  sb  not  to  do  __________
              ____________________
  2)省to不定式作宾补
即:(l,  m,  n,  3h,  2看,  1f)  sb  do
l—let;  m—make;  n—notice;  3h—hear,  have,  help;  2看—see,  watch;  1f—feel  
但注意:1)help  sb  (to)  do  (to可省、可不省)
                2)在改作被动语态时省去的to应还原
eg.  Someone  heard  him  sing  in  the  room.
      He  was  heard  to  sing  in  the  room.
B、动词不定式与动名词的区别
1.(hope;  learn;  want=would  like;  decide)  to  do
2.(enjoy;  finish;  keep;  mind;  practise)  doing
      
  
  
  
  
  
8.介词+doing
eg.  1)What/  How  about  doing
      2)be  good  at  doing
附Ⅳ——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态
1.状语从句中的时态:
主句  时间、条件句
1)一般将来时  2)祈使句  3)情态动词原形  一般现在时
一般过去时  一般过去时
eg.1)I’ll  call  you  as  soon  as  he  ______  (come)  back.
    2)He  won’t  go  to  bed  until  he  _________  (finish)  his  homework.
  3)I’ll  help  you  if  I  _____  (be)  free  tomorrow
2.宾语从句中的时态:
主句  宾语从句
一般现在时  一切时态
一般过去时  过去范畴的某一时态(一般过去时;过去进行时;过去完成时;过去将来时)
但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,则只能用一般现在时。
eg.1)He  said  his  father  _________(come)  back  in  two  days.
    2)The  teacher  said  light  ________(travel)  faster  than  sound.
附Ⅴ——主谓一致
1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短语做主语时应看作一个整体,视为三单
eg.  Two  months  is  quite  a  long  time.
2.people;  police形单实为复,作主为复
eg.  The  police  are  looking  for  the  missing  boy.
3.maths,  news,  physics形复实为单,作主为单
4.family;  class看作整体时作主语为单数;看作整体中的各成员时则为复数。
eg.  1)My  family  is  a  big  one.
      2)My  family  are  watching  TV.
5.由with,  except,  as  well  as连接的两名词作主语,谓语由前者决定
eg.  The  teacher  with  his  students  is  going  to  Beijing  tomorrow.
6.由neither…nor;  either…or;  not  only…bout  also连接的两名词作主语,谓语由后者决定
eg.  Neither  he  nor  I  am  a  teacher.
7.不定代词(something;  anything;  nothing;  someone;  anyone;  everyone…)作主语为三单
Nobody  knows  it  except  me.
8.One  of  +  复名…  作主语为单数
eg.  One  of  my  friends  is  a  computer  engineer.
9.“the  +姓的复数”作主语为复数
eg.  The  Lius  are  watching  TV  now.
10.sheep;  deer;  fish单复同形,注意区别作主语是单还是复
eg.  1)There  are  many  sheep  on  the  hill.
      2)Milk  ____  white,  and  sheep  ______  white,  too.  (be填空)
11.there  be结构中,如果有两个以上的名词作主语,则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。(即:靠近原则)eg.  
1)There  ____a  box  and  some  pens  on  the  desk.
2)There  ____some  pens  and  a  box  on  the  desk.
12.  either,  neither,  each作主语为三单
eg.  Neither  of  the  twins  ______(like)  drawing.
13.由两部分构成的事物名词(trousers,  glasses,  chopsticks)作主语为复数,但当前面有pair短语修饰时,则谓语由pair的单复数来决定谓语。
eg.1)Where  ____(be)  my  glasses?
    2)That  pair  of  trousers  ____(be)  Mr.  Green’s
附Ⅵ——“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间的转化
buy—have  ;  borrow—keep  ;  die—be  dead  ;  leave—be  away  (from);  come  back—be  back;  fall  asleep—be  asleep  ;  open—be  open  ;
catch  a  cold—have  a  cold;  go  /get  out—be  out;  
arrive  (reach  /  get  to  /  come  to)  +地点—be  in  +地点;join—be  in  +集体(或be    +  成员);
turn  on—be  on;  turn  off—be  off  ;
get  a  letter  from—have  a  letter  from.
end  /finish—be  over  ;  get  up—be  up  ;  
1)  He  has  (A)  bought  (B)  the  fridge  (C)  for  (D)  two  years.                                        _________
2)How  long  (A)  may  (B)  I  borrow  (C)  the  (D)  book?                                              _________
3)The  film  (A)  has  begun  (B)  for  five  minutes(C).                                    _________
4)Tom  has  got  (A)  the  letter  (B)  from  (C)  Jim  for  two  days  (D).                          __________
5)I  have  (A)  caught  (B)  a  cold  since  two  years  ago  (C).                                      ____________
6)He  has  (A)  come  to  (B)  Beijing  for  ten  years(C)                                      ___________
7)My  brother  (A)  has  joined  (B)  the  army  (C)  for  (D)  five  years.                        ___________
练      习
一、写出下列各时态的构成,然后找出各时态所对应的时间状语,只写代号
1、一般现在时:__________    _________
时间状语  _______________________
2、一般过去时  _________________
    时间状语_______________________
3、一般将来时:___________    __________
__________
时间状语_____________________
4、现在进行时_____________________
      时间状语_______________________
5、  现在完成时____________________
      时间状语_______________________
6、过去进行时_____________________
      时间状语_______________________
提供的时间状语如下:
A.  since  she  came  in    B.  in  two  days    
C.  when  she  came  in    D.  next  week  
E.  often    F.  five  days  ago    G.  sometimes
H.  last  year    I.  look之后的句子  J.  just  
K.  at  4:30  yesterday    L.  so  far    
M.  for  ten  years    N.  since  two  years  ago
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Mother  ________  (watch)  TV  every  evening.
2.We________(talk)  when  the  teacher  came  in.
3.He  ________(go)  to  Beijing  two  days  ago.
4.He  ________(leave)  Chengdu  in  two  days.
5.Look!  The  boy________(play)  football  on  the  playground.
6.My  uncle  ______(live)  here  for  ten  years.
7.He  often  helps  the  old  woman  _______  (carry)  water.
8.Would  you  like  to  make  a  contribution  to  ________  (improve)  our  living  conditions?
9.Don’t  forget  ________(turn)  off  the  lights  before  you  go  out.
10.Please  let  the  girls  _____(go)  first.
11.They  had  great  fun  ________(play)  football  this  afternoon.
12.Do  you  enjoy  ________(watch)  TV?
13.Would  you  like  ______(have)  a  cup  of  tea?
14.You  can  ______(go)  there  tomorrow.
15.Would  you  mind  my  _____(open)  the  door?
16.Please  ask  him  _______(speak)  more  loudly
17.I’ll  go  fishing  if  it  ____(be)  fine  tomorrow.
18.He  said  his  grandpa  ________(be)  dead  for  ten  years.
19.Tell  the  children  __________(not  play)  in  the  street.
20.Mr  Zhu  spent  much  time  _________(help)  me  with  my  English.
21.I’ll  tell  you  as  soon  as  he  ____  (come)  back.
22.Each  of  us  _____(want)  to  go  to  college.
23.Thank  you  for  ______(help)  me.
24.The  teacher  told  us  the  earth  ____(go)  round  the  sun.
25.My  father  is  good  at  _____(fish).
26.You’d  better______(not  talk)  in  class.
27.The  teacher  stopped_______(talk)  to  us  when  we  went  into  the  office.  
28.I  saw  her  _______(cook)  when  I  got  home.
29.Look!  A  woman  with  two  children  _____  (be)  coming  towards  us.
30.His  family  ___  not  big,  but  the  family  ____  (be)  interested  in  music.
31.Two  months  _____(be)  quite  a  long  time.
32.He  asked  if  Tom  ______(come)  in  two  days
33.One  of  our  teachers  _____(be)  a  foreigner.
34.The  Greens  ______(have)  been  to  the  Great  Wall  twice.
35.He  is  practicing  _______(speak)  English  with  Mr.  Green.
36.This  pair  of  glasses  ___  mine.  The  glasses  on  the  table  ____  his  (be).
37.There  ____  an  apple,  a  pear  and  some  bananas  on  the  table.  (be)
38.______(read)  in  bed  ___(be)bad  your  eyes.
39.Hello,  Jim!  I  ________  (not  know)  you  we  in  Chengdu.  I  ______  (tell)  you  were  still  in  London.
40.It  _______(say)  that  another  bridge_______  (build)  over  the  river  next  year.
41.  He  left  the  room  without  _______  (say)  goodbye.
42.  Many  trees  ________  (plant)  in  our  school  yard  these  years.
43.  The  police  _____  (be)  trying  to  catch  the  thief.
44.  The  family  _____(be)  spending  the  weekend  together.
三、选择填空
(    )1.—Must  I  turn  off  the  light  now?
---No,  you  _______
A.  needn’t    B.  mustn’t    C.  can’t
(    )2.Our  teacher  told  us  the  sun  ____  in  the  east.            A.  rose      B.  rises    C.  is  rising
(    )3.He  ___  back  in  a  month.
A.  will  come        B.  come      C.  came
(    )4.I  ___  him  before.
A.  met        B.  had  met          C.  have  met
(    )5.The  teacher  ____  to  Japan  this  year.  She’s  now  telling  her  pupils  about  it.
A.  went        B.  has  been        C.  has  gone
(    )6.It  ____  hard  when  I  got  home  yesterday.
A.  rained      B.  is  raining      C.  was  raining
(    )7.Why  not  ____  again?
A.  to  try        B.  try              C.  trying
(    )8.He  has  finished  ____  the  letter.
A.  writing      B.  to  write      C.  wrote
(    )9.It  _____  every  night.
A.  happens      B.  is  happened    C.  happened
(    )10.The  policeman  told  the  children  ____  in  the  street.
A.  not  play      B.  not  to  play    C.  don’t  play
(    )11.The  box  is  too  heavy  for  me  ____.
A.  to  carry  it    B.  to  carry    C.  carrying  it
(    )12.Stop  ____and  listen  to  the  teacher.
A.  to  read        B.  read          C.  reading
(    )13.He  is  still  looking  for  a  house  ____.
A.  to  live        B.  to  live  in    C.  to  live  in  it
(    )14.I  heard  her  ___  when  I  passed  her  room  just  now.        A.  sing    B.  singing    C.  to  sing
(    )15.—May  I  go  with  you  ?
---No,  you  ______.
A.  may  not    B.  can  not        C.  mustn’t
(    )16.There  are  some  ____  in  the  river.
A.  air              B.  fish            C.  water.
(    )17.Sheep  __  white  and  milk  ___white,  too.
A.  is  ;  is          B.  is  ;  are        C.  are  ;  is
(    )18.The  class  ___  going  to  see  a  film  this  afternoon.
A.  am              B.  is                C.  are
(    )19.Jim’s  shoes  ____  under  the  bed.
A.  are                B.  is              C.  was
(    )20.Three  years  ____  quite  a  long  time.
A.  is                  B.  are            C.  were
(    )21.The  clothes  are  mine.  Yours  ____  under  the  bed.
A.  is                    B.  are            C.  were
(    )22.There  ___  a  lot  of  news  in  today’s  newspaper.
A.  is                    B.  are            C.  were
(    )23.--Can  you  answer  this  question  in  English?  No,  I  _____.  
A.  needn't    B.  mustn't    C.  may  not    D.  can't
(    )24.  The  teacher  wanted  us  _____  Exercise  1,  but  you  let  me  ______  Exercise  2.  
A.to  do,  do            B.  to  do,  to  do    
C.  do,  to  do            D.  do,  do    
(    )25.  Miss  Green  saw  a  wallet  ______on  the  ground  when  she  walked  past  the  school  gate.  
A.  lie          B.  lying          C.  lies        D.  to  lie    
(    )26.What  have  you  done  _____  the  milk?  I've  just  _____  it.  
A.  with,  eaten                  B.for,  eaten    
C.  with,  drunk                  D.  for,  drunk        
(    )27.The  radio  _______  it  will  get  warmer  later.
A.  says        B.  speaks        C.talks        D.  tells
(    )28.  You  must  be  very  tired.  Why  not  _____  a  rest?
A.  stop  having                  B.stop  to  have    
C.to  stop  having                D.  to  stop  to  have  
(    )29.  Li  Ping  is  young,  but  he  _____  many  places  of  interest  in  South  China.
A.went  to                  B.  has  been  in    
C.has  gone  to            D.  has  been  to    
(    )30.  Mother  told  me  _____  in  the  sun.
A.  not  read                B.  don't  read    
C.  read  not                D.  not  to  read      
(    )31.Do  you  often  see  her  ______  volleyball  on  the  playground?
A.  play    B.  played    C.  plays      D.  to  play            
(    )32.Alice  didn't  hear  what  the  teacher  said  just  now,so  she  doesn't  know  how  _______  the  problem.    
A.  do          B.  did        C.  to  do      D.  doing      
(    )33.When  the  little  boy  ____someone  coming  upstairs,he  stopped  _____.
A.  heard…crying        B.  listened…to  cry    
C.  heard…to  cry          D.  listened…cry  
(    )34.I  ______  my  ruler  at  home.Can  I  use  yours,please?  
A.  forgot                      B.  have  forgotten    
C.  left                          D.  have  left    
(    )34.Jim  _____  the  good  news  to  his  classmates  this  morning.
A.  spoke      B.  told      C.  said      D.  talked
十、被  动  语  态
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者;被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。  
eg.  We  use  a  knife  for  cutting  (主动句).  
A  knife  is  used  for  cutting  (被动句)。
一、构成:be  +  过去分词
eg.  1)The  work  is  finished  by  him.
      2)Chinese  is  spoken  by  people  in  China.
二、被动语态的时态
1.一般现在时:am/  is/  are  +  过去分词
eg.  English  is  spoken  by  Englishmen.
2.一般过去时:was/  were  +  过去分词
eg.  The  machines  were  made  in  China.
3.一般将来时:will/shall/be  going  to  be+过去分词
eg.  A  sports  meeting  will  be  held  in  our  school  next  week.
4.现在完成时:have/  has  been  +  过去分词
eg.  The  work  has  been  done  by  them.
5.现在进行时:am/  is/  are  being  +  过去分词。
eg.  A  new  school  is  being  built  in  our  village.
6.过去进行时:was/  were  being  +  过去分词
eg.  My  TV  set  was  being  mended  at  that  time.
综上所述:被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化(即:be动词的各种时态)
另外注意以下几点:
1.含情态动词的被动语态:
    can  /  may  /  must  /  should  +  be  +  过去分词
eg.  He  may  be  sent  away  from  school.
2.带动词不定式的被动语态
eg.  My  bike  needs  to  be  mended.
3.在使用被动语态时,如需要指出动作执行者时,应用“by  +  动作的执行者(宾格)”
eg.  He  was  called  Mike  by  us
4.不及物动词无被动语态(take  place/  happen  ;  last  ;  rise  ;  sink  ;  fall等)
eg.  The  accident  was  happened  two  days  ago  (改错)                                              _________
5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时,在改作被动语态之后,应将省去的to还原。
eg.The  boss  made  the  workers  work  12  hours.
→The  workers  were  made  to  work  12  hours.
6.注意短语动词的完整性(即:主动句的谓语动词若由v  +  prep  /  adv构成,变被动语态时,不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。
eg.  We  must  take  care  of  the  baby.
→The  baby  must  be  taken  care  of.
练      习      题
(    )1.This  factory  has  been____  for  two  years
A.  open    B.  to  open    C.  opening    D.  opened
(    )2.The  light  in  the  room  ___  before  you  leave.    A.  must  turn  off    B.  will  turn  off
C.  are  turned  off      D.  must  be  turned  off
(    )3.The  young  trees  ____  planted  in  spring.
A.  must    B.  have      C.  must  be    D.  must  are
(    )4.Chinese  ____  by  Miss  Wang  three  years  ago.      A.  was  taught        B.  is  taught
  C.  was  teached                D.  were  teach
(    )5.Young  trees  ___  quite  often.
A.  should  water            B.  should  be  water
C.  should  be  watered    D.  should  have  watered
(    )6.English  ___  by  many  people  in  the  world
A.  speaks  B.  speak  C.  are  spoken  D.  is  spoken
(    )7.The  old  people  ___  well  in  our  country.
A.  is  looked  after          B.  are  looked  after
C.  looks  after                D.  look  for
(    )8.  Alice  is  ill.  She  ____  to  hospital  at  once.
A.  is  sent                        B.  must  be  sent  
C.  can  send                    D.  must  send
(    )9.  The  factory  ____  in  1958.
A.  was  built                    B.  is  built
C.  will  be  built                D.  built
(    )10.Our  teacher  told  us  that  the  classroom  _____  every  day.
A.  should  be  cleaned        B.  should  cleaned
C.  shall  be  cleaned            D.  must  cleaned
(    )11.Football  ____  all  over  the  world.
A.  plays                            B.  is  playing  
C.  has  played                    D.  is  played
(    )12.____  silk  ____  in  Suzhou?
A.  Is  ,  produced        B.  Are,  produced
C.  Does,  produce      D.  Was,  produce
(    )13.Much  money  ____  spent  on  books  every  year.    A.  have    B.  has    C.  are    D.  is
(    )14.The  students  was  made  ______  the  questions  by  the  teacher.
A.  answer                      B.  to  answer
C.  answering                D.  answered
(    )15.The  sun  ____  when  we  got  there.
A.  was  risen                  B.  has  been  risen
C.  had  risen                  D.  is  rising
(    )16.The  People’s  Liberation  Army  was  ____  August  1,  1927.
A.  found  in                      B.  found  on
C.  founded  on                  D.  founded  in
(    )17.The  oranges  should  be  well  ___  during  the  winter.
A.  keep      B.  kept      C.  keeping    D.  to  keep
(    )18.  Many  of  the  sheep  ___  by  the  wolf狼).
A.  was  killed              B.  are  killed    
C.  are  killing              D.  were  killed
(    )19.Tape  recorders____  in  our  English  class
A.  should  use              B.  used  
C.  can  be  used            D.  are  using
(    )20.  ____  English  ____  in  Canada?
A.  Do,  spoken              B.  Is  ,  spoken
C.  Are,  spoken            D.  Does,  speak
(    )21.He  ____  not  to  leave  waster  paper  everywhere.
A.  tells    B.  told    C.  was  told    D.  has  told
(    )22.Who  ____  “The  Family”,  “Spring”  and  “Autumn”  ______?
A.  was,  written              B.  were,  written
C.  were,  written  by        D.  are.  Written  by
(    )23.Look  at  the  building!  It  ____  now.
A.  is  being  built              B.  has  been  built
C.  is  building                  D.  has  built
(    )24.Half  of  the  work  ____  before  six.
A.  can  be  done    B.  will  do    C.  were  done
(    )25.We  ____  stamps  for  sending  letters.
A.  are  used          B.  use            C.  used
(    )26.The  Great  Green  Wall(绿色长城)___  in  North  China.
A.  are  built      B.  can  be  build    C.  was  built
(    )27.___  the  farm  ____  by  the  students  ?
A.  was,  visited  B.  Is,  visit  C.  Must,  visit
(    )28.The  woman  ____  by  people  in  the  waiting  room.
A.  was  laughed          B.  was  laughed  at
C.  laughed  at
(    )29.  What  ____  there?
A.  happened                            B.  is  happened      
C.  must  be  happened
(    )30.He  was  made  ______for  twelve  hours.
A.  to  work          B.  work          C.  worked
十一、状语从句
(一)时间状语从句:由when,  while,  before,  after,  since,  as  soon  as,  till  /  until引导的从句
1)when与while
  
eg.1)I’ll  tell  her  the  good  news  _____he  comes  back.
    2)Aunt  Wang  came  in  while  we  were  watching  TV
  
3)since:自从……以来(since从句常用一般过去时)
注意主句通常用现在完成时,但当主句表示一种状态,用一般现在时
eg.1)He  has  lived  there  since  he  came  to  China
    2)It  is  two  years  since  her  mother  died.
(二)条件状语从句:由if  (如果)引导的从句
eg.I  will  go  to  the  park  if  it  ________  (not  rain)  tomorrow.
注意:条件状语从句与以下句型的转换
1)祈使句,and  (then  ,  or)+简单句
  =  If  you  …  ,  you  …
eg.1)Use  your  head,  then  you’ll  find  a  way.
  =If  you  use  your  head,  you’ll  find  a  way
    2)Hurry  up,  or  you’ll  be  late.
  =If  you  don’t  hurry,  you’ll  be  late.
2)without与条件句的转化
eg.  Man  can’t  live  without  water.
  =Man  can’t  live  if  there  is  no  water.
注意以上两种状语从句的时态
主句  时间、条件句
1)一般将来时  2)祈使句  3)情态动词原形  一般现在时
一般过去时  一般过去时
但since从句例外,应与现在完成时连用。
eg.1)I’ll  call  you  as  soon  as  he  ______  (come)  back.
    2)He  won’t  go  to  bed  until  he  _________  (finish)  his  homework.
  3)I’ll  help  you  if  I  _____  (be)  free  tomorrow
  4)I  ___________  (live)  here  since  I  came  to  China.
(三)原因状语从句:由because,  since  ,  for  ,  as引导的从句
eg.  He  didn’t  go  to  school  because  he  was  ill.
注意:1)对because引导的从句提问用why
            2)因为(because),  所以(so)不能连用
eg.  Because  he  was  (A)  ill,  so  (B)  he  didn’t  (C)  go  to  school  (D)  yesterday.                ________
(四)结果状语从句:由so…  that引导的从句(so后接形、副原级)
eg.  He  ran  (A)  so  faster  (B)  that  I  couldn’t  catch  up  with  (C)  him.                      ________
注意:1)  “so…  that  +否定句”与“too…  to”的替换
eg.1)He  is  so  young  that  he  can’t  go  to  school.
=  He  is  too  young  to  go  to  school(主、从句主语相同)
2)He  ran  so  fast  that  we  couldn’t  catch  up  with  him.
=  He  ran  too  fast  for  us  to  catch  up  with.  (主、从句主语不同)
3)The  box  is  so  heavy  that  I  can’t  carry  it
=  The  box  is  too  heavy  for  me  to  carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it)
2)“so…  that  +从句”与“enough  to”的替换
eg.1)He’s  so  strong  that  he  can  carry  the  box.
=  He’s  strong  enough  to  carry  the  box.
    2)The  question  is  so  easy  that  I  can  answer  it
=The  question  is  easy  enough  for  me  to  answer
练        习
(    )1.We  bought  granny  a  present,  ___  she  didn’t  like  it.
A.  but                  B.  and              C.  when
(    )2.Be  quick,  ___  you’ll  be  late  for  the  football  match.
A.  so                    B.  and              C.  or
(    )3.You’ve  done  badly,  ___  I  can  see  you  did  your  best.      A.  or          B.  but        C.  so
(    )4.That  was  our  first  lesson,  ___  she  didn’t  know  all  our  names.
A.  for                    B.  but                C.  so
(    )5.They  didn’t  pass  the  ball  often  enough,  ___  they  didn’t  play  together  very  well.
A.  and                    B.  yet                C.  when
(    )6.It  was  raining  at  that  time,  ___  they  couldn’t  go  out  for  walk.
A.  because              B.  or                  C.  so
(    )7.Mary  couldn’t  go  to  school,  ___  she  was  very  ill.        A.  for        B.  before      C.  though
(    )8.Go  straight  along  the  road,  ___  you’ll  find  the  hospital  at  the  end  of  it.
A.  since            B.  and            C.  when
(    )9.Take  this  medicine  ,  ___  you  will  yet  well  soon.      A.  and        B.  but      C.  so  
(    )10.Either  she  or  I  ___  him  at  the  airport.
A.  is  to  meet  B.  am  to  meet  C.  are  to  meet
(    )11.The  train  hasn’t  arrived  ____.
A.  too              B.  also          C.  yet
(    )12.You  won’t  go  there,  ___  will  I.
A.  So              B.  Neither      C.  Also
(    )13.You  can  take  ___  this  book  ___  that  book,  but  you  can’t  take  ___  of  them.
A.  either,  or  ;  all      B.  either  ,  or  ;  both
C.  not  only  ,  but  also  ;  both
(    )14.The  students  had  no  water___  food  then
A.  or                B.  and              C.  also
(    )15.They  were  ___  weak  ___  carry  the  heavy  box.
A.  neither  ,  nor  B.  both  ,  and    C.  too  ,  to
(    )16.The  books  aren’t  yours  ___  ours.
A.  nor                B.  and                C.  but
(    )17.Tom  saves  his  money,  ___  John  spends  all  he  gets.
A.  while              B.  or                  C.  so
(    )18.Excuse  me,  ___  can  you  tell  me  how  to  get  to  the  park?
A.  and                B.  please              C.  but
(    )19.He  needs  to  have  a  rest,  ___  he  has  worked  for  a  long  time  .
A.  and                B.  but                    C.  for
(    )20.The  policeman  was  ___  busy  ___  holidays  with  his  family.
A.  very  ,  to  spend            B.  too  ,  to  spend
C.  so  ,  that
(    )21.Neither  Jack  nor  I  ___  to  the  park.
A.  is  going  B.  are  going    C.  am  going
(    )22.His  grandfather  has  never  been  to  school  so  he  could  ___  read  ___  write.
A.  neither  ,  nor  B.  either  ,  or    C.  both  ,  and  
(    )23.Johm  ___  until  Mike  ___  sorry  to  him.
A.  let  him  in  ,  said    B.  didn’t  let  him  in  ,  said
C.  didn’t  let  him  in  ,  says
(    )24.I’m  sure  Li  Ping  is  ___  in  the  classroom  ___  in  the  library.
A.  either  ,  or    B.  both  ,  and    C.  neither  ,  or
(    )25.Don’t  open  the  door  ___  the  bus  ___.
A.  until  ,  stops  B.  and  ,  stops    C.  until  ,  stop
(    )26.Both  his  father  and  his  mother  ___  to  Beijing.
A.  has  been    B.  have  been      C.  has  gone
(    )27.We’ll  have  a  sports  meeting  if  it  ____  rain  tomorrow.
A.  won’t    B.  isn’t      C.  don’t      D.  doesn’t  
(    )28.I’ll  let  you  know  as  soon  as  he  ____.
A.  comes  back            B.  will  come  back
C.  is  coming  back      D.  come  back
(    )29.I’m  ___  busy  getting  ready  for  Christmas  ____  I  have  no  time  to  write  to  you.
A.  not,  until              B.  too,  to
C.  so,  that                  D.  neither,  nor
(    )30.This  TV  set  is  too  dear,  ____  it  gives  you  a  better  picture.
A.  or      B.  if        C.  though    D.  and
(    )31.Could  you  ask  Tom  to  ring  me  up  if  you  ____  him  tomorrow.
A.  met    B.  meet    C.  will  meet    D.  have  met
(    )32.While  she  ___  TV  in  the  sitting  room,  the  bell  ____.
A.  watches,  rings    B.  is  watching,  rang
C.  was  watching    D.  watched,  was  ringing
(    )33.Mary  will  go  ____  after  she  ____  her  homework.
A.  shops,  finish      B.  shopping,  finishes
C.  to  shop,  finishing  D.  shopping,  finish
(    )34.He  is  listening  to  the  music  ____  he  is  washing  clothes.
A.  after    B.  before    C.  when    D.  while
(    )35.Tell  Mr.  Wang  to  go  to  Mr.  Li’s  office,  when  you  ____  him.
A.  saw      B.  will  see    C.  are  seeing  D.  see
(    )36.They  ____  until  the  meeting  was  over.
A.  left                            B.  not  leave
C.  don’t  leave                D.  didn’t  leave
(    )37.The  children  sat  at  the  table  until  the  guests  ____.
A.  leave    B.  are  leaving  C.  left    D.  had  left
(    )38.The  film  ____  for  half  an  hour  when  I  got  to  the  cinema.  
A.  has  begun                    B.  had  been  on
C.  begun                          D.  begins
(    )39.She  ____  until  late  into  the  night.
A.  waited    B.  came    C.  went    D.  started
(    )40.He  began  to  do  his  homework  _____  he  turned  on  the  light.
A.  before    B.  since    C.  till    D.  after
(    )41.He  didn’t  go  to  swim  yesterday___  he  was  ill.
A.  when    B.  if    C.  because    D.  and  because
(    )42.Li  Ping  gives  me  more  help  than  Wang  Lin  ____  .
A.  is        B.  has          C.  does      D.  gives
(    )43.Please  keep  the  box  for  me  ____  I  come  back  tonight.
A.  when      B.  as        C.    to        D.  until  
(    )44.I  bought  an  umbrella  ____  the  weather  was  fine.
A.  if            B.  although    C.  because  D.  as
(    )45.We  got  to  the  cinema  ___  late  ___  there  were  no  seats  left.
A.  too,  to    B.  much,  to  C.  very,  that  D.  so,  that
(    )46.It  ___  five  years  ___  I  left  the  army.
A.  is  ,  since                    B.  was  ,  since
C.  has  been,  when          D.  is  ,  when
(    )47.Though  it  was  raining  hard,  ___  was  still  waiting  for  her  son  in  the  rain.
A.  but  she    B.  and  she    C.  she      D.  so  she
(    )48.I  have  known  him  ___  I  was  a  child.
A.  because    B.  since      C.  when    D.  before
(    )49.Jim  had  finished  his  homework  ____  his  mother  came  back.
A.  after    B.  before    C.  while    D.  then
十二、宾语从句:充当宾语的句子
对宾语从句应注意以下三要素:
1.  引导词  2.  语序    3.  时态
1.  引导词
1)that引导一般疑问句意义的宾从(that可省)
eg.  He  says  (that)  the  boy  is  a  lilltle  weak  in  Chinese.
    2)疑问词引导特殊疑问句意义的宾从
eg.  ①.Do  you  know  who  will  give  us  a  talk?
      ②.I  don’t  know  whose  book  that  is.
      ③.Could  you  please  tell  which  gate  we  have  to  go  to?
      ④.I  wonder  when  he  will  come  back.
注意:此类宾从的主语与主句的主语(或宾语)相同时,可替换为“疑问词  +  to  do”
eg.  ①.I  haven’t  decided  where  I  will  go  
      =I  haven’t  decided  where  to  go
      ②.He  asked  me  what  I  bought
      =  He  asked  me  what  to  buy.
类似短语:how  to  do  _____what  to  say_____
what  to  do  _____where  to  go____
    3)if/whether(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从
eg.  ①.“Do  you  like  this  book?”  she  asked  me.
      =She  asked  me  ___  I  liked  this  book.
      ②.“Have  you  visited  the  Great  Wall?”  Could  you  tell  me?
      =Could  you  tell  me  _____  you  have  visited  the  Great  Wall?
注意以下几点:
ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”,还是“如果”
eg.  I  don’t  know  if  he  ______  (come)if  it  ______(rain)  tomorrow.
ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况
    1)后接不定式
eg.  I  can’t  decide  whether  to  go  to  Beijing.
    2)与or  /  or  not连用
eg.  I  want  to  know  whether  you  will  go  to  the  park  or  not.
    3)在句首时
eg.  Whether  this  is  true  or  not,  I  can’t  say.
      4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句,意为“不管,无论”
eg.  Whether  it  rains  or  not,  we  are  going  to  the  park  tomorrow.
2.语序:宾从用陈述句语序
eg.  1)I  don’t  (A)  know  whether  (B)  will  he  (C)  come  (D)  tomorrow.                _____________
      2)He  asks  (A)  me  when  (B)  will  you  (C)  come  back  (D).                        _____________
      3)Could  you  tell  (A)  how  many  players  (B)  are  there  (C)  in  (D)  a  football  team?  ________
3.时态
主句  宾语从句
一般现在时  一切时态
一般过去时  过去范畴的某一时态(一般过去时;过去进行时;过去完成时;过去将来时)
      但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时,则只能用一般现在时。
eg.  She  said  (that)  the  sun  rises  in  the  east.
练        习
(    )1.Alice  wanted  to  know  ____  her  grandma  liked  the  dog.
A.  that    B.  if      C.  which      D.  what
(    )2.Can  you  tell  us  ____  ?
A.  where  have  you  gone  
B.  where  have  you  gone
C.  where  you  have  been  
D.  where  have  you  been
(    )3.Do  you  still  remember  ____  ?
A.  that  he  said                  B.  what  he  said    
C.  did  he  say  that              D.  what  did  he  say
(    )4.The  weather  here  changes  very  often  and  we  can’t  tell  ____  it  will  be  like  tomorrow.
A.  that      B.  how      C.  what    D.  whether
(    )5.—What  did  the  scientist  say?  
  ---He  said  he  wondered  if  ____into  space  by  spaceship  one  day.
A.  he  had  to  fly            B.  he  could  fly    
C.  can  he  fly                  D.  could  he  fly
(    )6.Do  you  know___from  Wuhan  to  Xi’an  ?
A.  how  far  it  is              B.  how  far  is  it  
C.  how  long  it  is            D.  how  long  is  it
(    )7.Could  you  tell  me  ____?
A.  where  do  you  live  
B.  who  you  are  waiting  for  
C.  who  were  you  waiting  for  
D.  where  you  live  in
(    )8.—Is  the  lake  there  beautiful?  
-–  This  photo  will  show  you  ____.
A.  how  does  it  look  like  
B.  what  does  it  look  like  
C.  how  it  looks  like        D.  what  it  looks  like
(    )9.  I  don’t  know  ____  bought  the  present  for  me.  Is  it  Jack?        
A.  which        B.  who      C.  whose        D.  what
(    )10.Could  you  show  us  ____  a  bike  ?
A.  how  to  mend                B.  what  to  buy        
C.  where  to  go                  D.  how  many  to  buy
(    )11.I  don’t  know  ____  Jane  was  late  for  school  this  morning.
A.  who      B.  what        C.  whom    D.  why
(    )12.—Do  you  remember  ____  he  came?    --Yes,  I  do.  He  came  by  car.
A.  that            B.  if          C.  how          D.  when
(    )13.Mike  said  he  ___  a  cold  for  a  few  days.
A.  has  caught                    B.  had  caught
C.  has  had                        D.  had  had
(    )14.I  don’t  know  if  he  ____  here.  If  he  ____,  I’ll  tell  you.
A.  will  come,  comes        B.  comes,  will  come
C.  comes  ,  comes        D.  will  come,  will  come
(    )15.Could  you  tell  me  ____  best?
A.  which  one  you  like  B.which  one  do  you  like
C.  do  you  like  which  one  D.you  like  which  one
(    )16.The  teacher  told  the  children  that  the  earth  ____  around  the  sun.
A.  moves                  B.  moved    
C.  had  moved          D.  was  moving
(    )17.Nobody  knows  which  factory  _____.
A.  does  he  work      B.  he  works
C.  does  he  work  in    D.  he  works  in
(    )18.He  said  that  no  one  knew  ___  with  him.
A.  what  is  the  matter  B.  what  was  the  matter
C.  what  the  matter  is  D.  what  the  matter  was
(    )19.I’m  interested  in  _____  or  not  he  is  coming.
A.  whether    B.  if      C.  when      D.  why
(    )20.I’m  sorry  that  I  ____  you  were  here.
A.  didn’t  know          B.  don’t  know
C.  won’t  know          D.  can’t  know
十三、定语从句:在句中作定语的句子,它修饰一个名词或代词,这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。
一、引导词(关系词):位于从句与先行词之间,起连接作用,同时在从句中充当一定的成分。先行词分两类:1.关系代词who(作主语),  whom(作宾语),  whose(作定语),  which(作主语、宾语),  that(作主语、宾语).    2.关系副词when,  where,  why.  
注意:1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略.
eg.  The  trees  (that)  we  have  planted  grow  well.
            2.关系代词作宾语时,可放在介词后。  但当关系代词是that时,则不能放在介词后。eg.  This  is  the  house  in  which  Lu  Xun  once  lived
=  This  is  the  house  which  Lu  Xun  once  lived  in.
=This  is  the  house  that  Lu  Xun  once  lived  in
二、如何选用引导词:一般情况引导词的选用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用that  ,  who  ,  whom  ,  whose;  先行词是物时用that  ,  which;  先行词是时间、地点时用when  ,  where.
eg.  1)The  boy  who  /  that  is  standing  under  the  tree  is  Jim.  站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.
      2)Do  you  know  the  girl  whose  mother  is  a  driver?  你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗?
      3)Have  you  been  to  the  factory  where  your  father  works?  你去过你爸爸工作的工厂吗?
但注意区别who  /  that  (指人);which  /  that  (指物)
1.修饰人只用who的情况:
a.  先行词是one  ,  ones  ,  anyone  ,  those  时。
b.  there  be句型中修饰名词时。
c.  先行词后有一个较长的定语。
eg.1)Anyone  who  hasn’t  handed  in  his  home-  work  should  stay  after  school.  没交作业的任何人放学后都要留下。
    2)There  is  a  girl  who  wants  to  see  you  at  the  school  gate.  校门口有位想见你的女孩。
    3)Did  you  see  the  man  in  the  park  yesterday  afternoon  who  wore  a  red  shirt?  昨天下午在公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗?
2.修饰人或物只用that的情况:
    a.  先行词为指物的不定代词all  ,  much  ,  little,  few  ,  everything  ,  something  ,  anything  ,  nothing
    b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last  ,  only  ,  very  ,  all  ,  no时
    c.  先行词既有人,又有物时
    d.  主句是who  /  which引导的特殊疑问句,而先行词又指人或物时。
eg.1)Is  there  anything  that  I  can  do  for  you?  有让我做的事吗?
    2)He  is  the  only  one  that  can  help  us  at  the  moment.  他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。
    3)He  talked  about  the  teachers  and  schools  that  he  had  visited.  他谈论着他拜访过的老师和参观过的学校。
    4)Which  is  the  machine  that  we  used  last  Sunday?  我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪一台?
3.修饰物只用which的情况:
    a.  先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时
    b.  先行词为that时
eg.1)This  is  the  house  in  which  Lu  Xun  once  lived  .  这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。
    2)What’s  that  which  you  are  holding  in  your  arms?  你抱着的那个是什么?
*三、定语从句可简化为短语
1.定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语;定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。
2.定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语,可简化为介词短语作定语。
3.定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词,可简化为不定式。
eg.1)I  bought  a  book  that  was  written  by  Lu  Xun.
    =  I  bought  a  book  written  by  Lu  Xun.
    2)Tell  the  children  who  are  playing  there  not  to  do  that.
=  Tell  the  children  playing  there  not  to  do  that.
    3)The  book  that  is  on  the  table  is  mine.
  =  The  book  on  the  table  is  mine.
    4)  We  have  nothing  that  we  should  fear.
  =  We  have  nothing  to  fear.
练        习
一、用适当的关系代词填空
1.Is  it  the  very  house  ________  you  lived  in  ten  years  ago?
2.The  woman  _____  sits  next  to  the  door  is  my  mother.
3.I’ll  never  forget  the  year  _____  I  joined  the  League.
4.It  is  the  house  _____  I  was  born.
5.The  house  ______  roof  is  broken  has  been  repaired.
二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。
1.The  man  that  is  talking  with  Mary  is  my  brother.
______________________________________
__________________.
2.This  is  a  book  which  was  written  by  a  worker
______________________________________
3.The  student  who  is  from  Canada  speaks  French.
______________________________________
__________.
4.She  has  a  lot  of  work  that  she  must  do.
_____________________________________
三、选择填空
(    )1.The  man  ____  was  a  friend  of  mine.
A.  that  you  just  talked  to
B.  whom  you  just  talked  to  him
C.  who  you  just  talked  to  him
D.  which  you  just  talked  to  
(    )2.This  is  the  best  film  ____has  been  shown  this  year.
A.  who      B.  that        C.  which      D.  when
(    )3.Finally,  the  thief  handed  everything  ____  he  had  stolen  to  the  police.
A.  which    B.  what      C.  that      D.  in  where
(    )4.Mr.  Li  told  us  the  stones  and  writers  ____  interested  him
A.  what      B.  who      C.  that        D.  which
(    )5.My  father  still  remembers  the  day  ___  he  joined  the  army.
A.  when                    B.  which    
C.  to  which              D.  from  which
(    )6.I’ll  never  forget  the  summer  holidays  ____  we  spent  together.
A.  when      B.  in  which    C.  which    D.  how
(    )7—Does  the  teacher  know  everybody  _______  planted  the  trees?
            —Yes,  he  does.
A.  which    B.  whose    C.  where    D.  who
(    )8.The  letter  _______  I  received  from  him  yesterday  is  very  important.
A.  who        B.  where    C.  what      D.  that
(    )9.I  hate  people  _______  talk  much  but  do  little.
A.  whose      B.  whom    C.  which    D.  who
(    )10.—Who  is  the  man  _______  was  talking  to  our  English  teacher?
          —Oh!  It’s  Mr  Baker,  our  maths  teacher.
A.  he              B.  that        C.  whom    D.  which
(    )11.I  hate  the  people  ________  don’t  help  others  when  they  are  in  trouble.
A.  who            B.  which    C.  they    D.  where
(    )12.George  Mallory  was  an  English  school  teacher  _______  loved  climbing.
A.  who            B.  whom      C.  he      D.  which
(    )13.This  is  the  place          _____I  have  ever  visited.
  A.  there              B.  when          C.  where          D.  which
(    )14.Nobody  knows  the  reason  ______  she  didn’t  come  to  the  meeting.
A.  that            B.  which        C.  why    D.  when
(    )15.The  moon  is  a  world  ___there  is  no  life.
A.  that            B.  which    C.  where    D.  why
(    )16.He  has  forgotten  the  day  ___  he  arrived.
A.  when        B.  where    C.  that        D.  which
(    )17.He  still  remembers  the  days  ______  he  spent  with  your  family.
A.  when      B.  where    C.  that    D.  on  which
(    )18.Mr.  White,  ______  car  had  been  stolen,  came  to  the  policeman.
A.  who        B.  that      C.  whose  D.  which
(    )19.He  got  to  the  village  _______  his  family  once  lived  before  liberation.
A.  that        B.  which    C.  when    D.  where
(    )20.This  is  the  house  ______  I  want  to  buy.
A.  in  which    B.  that    C.  whose    D.  where
(    )21.He  didn’t  tell  me  the  place  _______  he  was  born.
A.  that          B.  which    C.  when    D.  where
(    )22.He  lived  in  a  small  village,  ______  was  a  long  way  from  the  railway  station.
A.  that          B.  which    C.  where    D.  when
十五、反意疑问句
                由“陈述句  +  附加疑问句”两部分构成。一般有两种形式:前肯后否或前否后肯。对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点:  1)主语只能用人称代词;2)附加疑问句的not必须与(be  /助/情)缩写;3)附加疑问句的时态必须与陈述部分的时态一致。
eg.1)Tom  is  a  work,  isn’t  Tom?(找错)_______
    2)You  can  swim,  can  not  you?(找错)______
    3)He  had  lunch,  doesn’t  he?(找错)________
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1.  陈述部分含否定意味的词(few,  little,  
never,  nothing,  nobody,  no,  hardly,  none),附加疑问句应使用肯定形式(但前缀词unhappy,  unlike,  disappear等列外)
eg.  They  are  unhappy,  aren’t  they?
2.陈述部分的主语是everything,  something,  nothing,  anything时,附加疑问句的主语应用it;陈述部分的主语是everybody,  somebody,  nobody,  everyone,  no  one时,附加疑问句的主语应用they。
eg.1)Everything  is  ready,  ___________?
    2)Everyone  is  here,  ____________?
3.陈述部分是祈使句时,附加疑问句一般用:will  you?  但注意:
Let’s  …  ,  shall  we?
Let  us  …  ,  will  you?
4.陈述部分含must时,附加疑问句一般用needn’t.
eg.  I  must  finish  my  work  now,  _________?
5.陈述部分是there  be结构时,应用there  be结构来完成。
eg.  There’s  little  water,  ___________
*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时,疑问部分通常与主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think,  believe且主语是I  ,  we时,即:
I  /  We  think  (believe)  +  宾从,则附加问句应与从句一致。I’m  sure  +  宾从也是如此
eg.1)She  said  I  did  it,  ____________?
    2)We  don’t  think  you  are  right,  ________?
    3)I’m  sure  you’ll  help  me,  ____________?
*7.I’m…  ,  aren’t  I?
eg.I  am  older  than  you,  __________?
8.陈述部分含had  better,  疑问部分应用had  better来回答。
eg.  You’d  better  go  out  ,  ___________?
9.陈述部分是感叹句,附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致。
eg.  1)What  a  kind  girl,  __________?
      2)What  a  fine  day,  ___________?
练      习
(    )1.You  had  to  work  for  10  hours  yesterday,  _____?
A.  didn’t  you                  B.  did  not  you
C.  had  not  you                D.  did  you
(    )2.Don’t  eat  too  much,  ____?
A.  will  you  B.  don’t  you  C.  do  you  D.  can  you  
(    )3.Lily  looks  like  Lucy,  ____?
A.  is  Lily                        B.  isn’t  she
C.  does  Lily                    D.  doesn’t  she
(    )4.—You  didn’t  change  your  mind,  did  you---  ______.
A.  No,  I  didn’t                B.  Yes,  did  I
C.  No,  I  did                      D.  Yes,  I  didn’t
(    )5.The  woman  hardly  let  her  daughter  go  to  school,  ____  she  ?
A.  does      B.  doesn’t    C.  did      D.  didn’t
(    )6.Be  sure  to  come  to  the  parents’  meeting  on  time,  ____?
A.  will  you                      B.  aren’t  you  
C.  can’t  you                    D.  mustn’t  you
(    )7.Let’s  have  a  good  rest,  ____?
A.  will  we                      B.  do  we
C.  shalln’t  we                D.  shall  we
(    )8.He  has  never  ridden  a  horse  before,  ___?
A.  does  he                    B.  has  he        C.  hasn’t  he                  D.  doesn’t  
(    )9.Tom  has  supper  at  school,  ___?
A.  hasn’t  he                  B.  has  he  
C.  doesn’t  he                D.  does  he
(    )10.There  is  little  water  in  the  glass,  ___?
A.  isn’t  there                B.  isn’t  it
C.  is  it                          D.  is  there

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